森林植被恢复重建的理论基础

Theoretical fundamentals of restoration and reconstruction of degraded for est vegetation

作者认为 :恢复生态学是研究如何修复由于人类活动引起的原生生态系统生物多样性和动态损害的一门学科 ,它是森林植被恢复重建的重要理论基础 .就森林植被而言 ,它主要研究退化森林生态系统的成因、特征、恢复可行性评价、恢复技术、恢复生态系统的生态学过程、恢复过程中的生物安全以及恢复理论 .其具体理论包括 :植被的发生与气候及气候的变迁耦合或生物的发生与环境耦合理论、植物多样性是生态系统稳定性的基础理论、生态演替理论和作为系统的生态系统的结构和功能相适应理论等 .从国内大量的生态恢复重建实践来看 ,森林植被的恢复重建研究需要解决以下一些问题 :注重探讨森林植被退化的进化与历史决定因素、注意研究恢复森林生态系统在恢复中的生态学过程。

The authors hold that restoration ecology is a science of studying how to repai r the biodiversity of the original ecosystem brought by human activities and dyna mic damage, and it is the i mportant theoretical fundamental of restoring and reconstructing forest vegetati on. As for forest vegetation, it mainly researches the causes of formation, char acteristics, feasibility assessment of restoring, restoration technologies, ecol ogical processes of the restored ecosystem, biological safety during the process of restoring, and ecological restoration theories of the degraded forest ecosys tems. The detailed theories of restoring forest vegetation include the theory of the formation of vegetation coupled with climate and its changes, the theory t hat plant diversity is the base of ecosystem stability, succession theory, and p erfect harmony between structure and function theory of ecosystem as a system,an d so on. According to the forest vegetation restoring practices in China, it n eeds more concerns to the following problems in the future research: evolutional and historical determinant research of forest vegetation degradation, monitori ng of ecological process of the restored forest ecosystem, biologic al safety, and restoration of the large-scale degraded forest ecosystem.