材料在大气、海水、土壤环境中腐蚀数据积累及腐蚀与防护研究的意义与进展

STUDIES ON CORROSION DATA ACCUMULATION, CORROSION AND PROTECTION OF MATERIALS IN ATMOSPHERE,SEA WATER, SOIL ENVIRONMENTS

本文介绍国家自然科学基金重大项目“材料在大气、海水、土壤环境中腐蚀数据积累及腐蚀与防护研究”的意义、进展和今后打算。为控制材料在自然环境中的腐蚀,需掌握环境的腐蚀性,积累材料的环境腐蚀数据,研究各类典型材料的环境腐蚀机理与规律。本项目通过16个研究院所和高校的200多位不同学科科技人员的联合试验研究,已建立了32个大气、海水、土壤腐蚀试验站,初步形成了我国材料环境腐蚀试验网;积累了六大类350多种常用材料在大气、海水、土壤环境中的腐蚀数据11.8万多个,自然环境腐蚀性数据10.6万多个,建立了数据库;获得各类材料自然环境腐蚀的初步规律,定量测定了典型环境的腐蚀性。在国内外学术刊物和学术会议上发表论文77篇,出版专著两本,取得获奖成果11项,专利两项,培养硕士研究生6名。今后还将在材料环境腐蚀数据积累,环境腐蚀性分类分级,材料环境腐蚀机理、规律及测试方法等方面继续开展深入的研究。

Studies on corrosion data accumulation, corrosion and protection of materials in atmosphere, sea water, soil environments were one of the major projects of the NSFC from 1986-1990. Most materials are used in natural environment. To control the corrosion of materials in natural environment, we must know the corrosivity of the environments, accumulate corrosion data of materials in natural environments and study on mechanisms and rules of the corrosion of various materials. Under the sponsorship of 13 ministries, more than 200 scientists of various disciplines from 16 institutes and universities have made a joint testing and study for 8 years. 32 atmospheric, sea water, soil corrosion testing stations have been established and a national environmental corrosion testing net work was formed. 118000 corrosion data of 350 most commonly used materials of six categories in atmosphere, sea water and soil have been accumulated. Data bases were created. Prelimiuary rules were obtained and quantitative corrosivity at most characteristic environments were determined. In a space of five years, 77 papers and reports were published or presented at different conferences. Eleven prizes and two patents were granted and six graduate students received part of their training from such works. In the near future, more work will be done on data accumulation, categorizing of corrosivity, corrosion rules, corrosion mechanism and testing methods.