贡嘎山东坡亚高山不同林地土壤水分特性与生态环境效应

Water Characteristics and Its Eco-Environmental Effects on Soils under Different Subalpine Forests on East Slope of Gongga Mountain

森林土壤水分特性,包括水分的渗透与蒸发、保持与贮存等对森林生态环境都有重要意义。本文研究了长江上游贡嘎山亚高山不同森林类型土壤的水分特征及其生态环境作用,结果表明:成熟林、过熟林土壤在储水、渗透、容水、蒸发和持水特性等多数方面利于保持和改善生态环境,次生或林分单一森林类型次之,林木皆伐后最差。研究区以成熟林和过熟林为主,生态环境保护较好。尽管该区与长江上游其它地区一样同具自然地理条件差、生态环境脆弱的特征,但由于该区森林植被和环境得到了有效保护,土壤水分特性好,促进了森林生态系统的良性循环,生态环境问题得到进一步改善。

Forest soil is important for forest ecosystem and environment effect by water infiltrating, holding and evaporating. In this paper, water characters and its eco-environmental effects on soils under different subalpine forests on east slope of Gongga Mountain of the upper reaches of Yangtze River were studied. The results showed: most of water characteristics, such as water storage, infiltration, evaporation and water holding, of soils under mature forest and over-mature forests, are favorable for eco-environment, while that of soils under clear-cutting are the worst, and that of other forest types are in between. In study area, there are mainly mature and over-mature forests and the eco-environment is in good conditions. The eco-environment in study region has been improved greatly by the soil water characteristics, which accelerate the beneficial cycle of forest ecosystem, though the characters of bad physical geography condition and fragile eco-environment are same as other regions in the upper reaches of Yangtze River.