海南省应用疫苗免疫对控制百日咳的效果研究

Study on effect of pertusis control applying vaccine immunization in Hainan Province

目的 通过对海南省 5 0年百日咳疫情分析和 2 0 0 2年人群百日咳抗体水平调查 ,评价应用疫苗免疫儿童对控制百日咳的效果。 方法 按计划免疫规定的免疫程序应用单价或三价百白破疫苗 ,对 3～ 2 4月龄儿童进行 3针基础免疫和 1针加强免疫 ;收集 195 1年以来的疫情资料按疫苗免疫不同发展阶段分析历年发病率与百白破接种率之间的相关关系 ;根据发病情况结合人群抗体水平调查评价免疫效果。 结果 发病率、死亡率大幅度下降 ,自然感染阶段、冷链运转阶段年均发病率分别为 78 5 1/10万、0 43 /10万 ,流行季节发生改变 ;接种率与发病率间存在负相关关系 ,且具有显著性意义 ;全程接种与未接种者百日咳抗体阳性率、GMT有显著差异。 结论 使用百白破混合制剂能有效控制百日咳疫情 ,使儿童达到高的免疫水平 ,人群形成牢固的免疫屏障。

Objective To evaluate the effect of immunization of chidren with vaccine for control of pertussis through analysis of infecting status of pertussis in the last 50 years and survey of pertussis antibody of people in 2002 in Hainan Methods According to the procedure of EPI,3 times of Diphtheria Tetanus Pertussia (DTP) vaccine was inoculated for basic immunization and 1 time of DTP vaccine as strengthen immunization to children of 3～24 months old Collected data of pertussis epidemic situation since 1951 and counted and analyzed the data as different period of using vaccine The relationship between morbidity rates of pertussis and immuniation rates of DTP vaccine in different year was analyzed The immunization effect was evaluated combining with epidemic situation and antibody level Results The morbidity and mortality rates were fallen down greatly after applying DTP vaccine The average morbidity rate yearly of natural infection period and cold chain operation period was respectively 78 51/1×10 5 and 0 43/1×10 5 The epidemic season was changed There was negative relationship and significant difference between immunization rate and morbidity rate The positive rates of pertussis antibody and GMT were obviously different in people who had full course immunization and no immunization history Conclusion Using DTP vaccine could control epidemic situation of pertussis effectively So children could obtain high immunizaion level to form secure immunization barrier