表面活性剂在发射药中的应用

The Application of Surface Active Agent in Propellants

采用密闭爆发器试验手段,对低易损性发射药的燃烧性能进行了研究。研究发现,硝胺颗粒的形状、颗粒度对发射药燃烧性能有较大的影响。化学重结晶处理的硝胺呈针状容易引起应力集中,不利于发射药燃烧性能的改善;球磨处理的硝胺呈鹅卵石状,有利于发射药燃烧性能。在配方组成及工艺参数完全相同的条件下,在一定范围内硝胺颗粒度越大,燃速越大,而且燃速压力指数也高;颗粒度减小,在一定程度上可以改善燃烧性能,但颗粒度减小到一定程度时,反而引起了高燃速压力指数的现象。用表面活性剂对细颗粒硝胺处理后,可以达到改善燃烧性能的目的。

The combustion properties of LOVA propellant were studied through closed vessel. The results show that the particle geometry and grain size of nitramine influence the combustion property greatly. The nitramine treated by chemically re-crystallization was needle-like, the propellant made by this nitramine could produce stress centralization easily, and this nitramine was not good for improving its burning property. The nitramine treated by ball grind was cobblestone-like and efficient for combustion property. The larger of the nitramine grain size, the higher of the burning rate and the exponent. The combustion property of propellant could be improved by decreasing its grain size, but its burning rate index would become high when the grain size was smaller than a value. After treating the nitramine with surface-active agent, the combustion property of the propellant could be improved greatly.