我国饲料中的真菌和真菌毒素

FUNGI AND MYCOTOXINS IN CHINSEE FEEDS

从全国各地采集271份样品,包括231份饲料和40份原料。其中205份饲料和29份原料检测了带菌量和菌相;同时还检测了216份饲料和38份原料中的四种真菌毒素。分离鉴定出25属83种真菌,包括毛霉目11种、青霉属28种、曲霉属23种、镰刀菌属2种和其它真菌19种。正常粉状饲料带菌量为10~3～10~4个/克;颗粒饲料带菌量为10~1～10~3个/克;霉变粉状饲料带菌量为10~6～10~7个/克;霉变颗粒料带菌量为10~4个/克以上。有92%的样品检出曲霉属;有73%的样品检出青霉属:有37%的样品检出串珠镰刀菌;有33%的样品检出毛霉属。在曲霉属中灰绿曲霉群,黄曲霉群和白曲霉群的检出频率分别达到75.9%、72.2%和67.5%。在青霉属中主要有产黄青霉、桔青霉、纯绿青霉和圆弧青霉。在饲料和原料中,黄曲霉毒素 B_1(AFB_1)的检出率分别为2.8%、28%,最高含量分别为220ppb、1756.6ppb;黄曲霉毒素 G_1(AFG_1)的检出率分别为0.4%、5.3%,最高含量分别为16.4ppb、34.4ppb;棕曲霉毒素 A(OA)的检出率分别为4.2%、2.6%,最高含量为1512ppb、19.4ppb;脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)的检出率分别为12%、13.2%,最高含量为1044ppb、1111.2ppb。黄曲霉毒素主要污染广西和广东的样品。脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的污染较广泛。

271 samples including 231 feeds and 40 raw materials were collected from variousregions in China,among them,205 samples and 29 raw materials were detected numbers andkinds of fungi,and at the same time,216 sam ples and 38 raw materials were detected fourmycotoxins.83 species belonging to 25 genera of fungi were isolated and identified,including'11 speciesof Mucoralcs.28 species of Penicillium,23 species of Aspergillus,2 species of Fusarium andother 19 species of fungi.The number of fungi on a normal powdery feed is 10~3—10~4 spores pergram of feed.The numbers of fungi on a normal granular feed is 10~1～10~3 spores per ram of feed.The numbers of fungi on a mouldy granular feed exceed 10~4 spores per gram.The numbers offungi on a mouldy feed is 10~6—10~7 spores per gram of feed.Aspergillus was detected on 92% ofthe samples;Penicillium was detected on 73% of the samples;Fusarium moniliform was detec-ted on 37% of the samples;Mucor was detected on 33% of the samples.In aspergillus genus,the isolating frequency for A.glaucus group,A.flavus group and A.candidus group is 75.9%,72.2%,67.5% respectively.In penicillium genus the major species are P.chrysogenum,P.citri-hum,P.viridicatum,P.cyclopium.The positive rate of AFB_1,in feeds and raw materials is 2.8%,28% respectivily;thehighest amount is 220 ppb,1756.6ppb respectively.The positive rate of AFG_1,in feeds and rawmaterials is 0.4%,5.3%respectively;the highest amount is 16.4ppb,33.4ppb respectively.Thepositive rate of OA in feeds and raw materials is 4.2%,2.6%restectively;the highest amount is1512ppb,19.4ppb respectively.The positive rate of DON in feeds and raw materials is 12%,13.2%respectively,the highest amount is 1044ppb,1111.2ppb respectively.Feeds and raw materials,in Guang Xi and Guang Dong province are contaminated mainly by AFT.Feeds and raw mater-ials in China are extensively contaminated by DON.