验电器的金箔张角与其电势间的关系

THE RELATION BETWEEN THE FIELD ANGLE OF GOLDLEAF ELECTROSCOPE AND ITS POTENTIAL

本文根据能量转换与守恒定律,研究了验电器在带电过程中的功能关系,分析了在该过程中验电器电容和金箔重力势能的交化,给出了在金箔张角较小时,其电势随金箔张角改变而改变的非线性关系,并从该关系出发,引入验电器测量电势的灵敏度(电势增量与对应金箔张角增量的比值)的概念,得出了要提高验电器测量电势的灵敏度,必须适当缩小验电瓶的半径,选用密度小、厚度薄的金属材料制作金箔的结论.

According to the principles of conversion and conservation of energy, the author, in this paper, studies the relation of work and energy in the process of charge in the electroscope, analyses the change of the electroscope capacity and goldleaf gravitational potential energy in this process and gives the non-linear relation between the potential and the field angle of goldleaf only when the field angle is very small. This paper, from above relation, introduces the idea of the electroscope's sensitivity by which potential is measured (the ratio of the increment of potential to the corresponding increment of field angle of goldleaf) and comes to the conclusion that in order to elevate the electroscope's sensitivity it is necessary to properly reduce the radius of electroscope a bottle and select the metal material which has small density and thickness for making goldleaf.