后鼓室的应用解剖学研究

Surgical anatomy of posterior tympanum

以100侧成人正常颞骨标本为材料,对整个后鼓室进行形态学观察。后鼓室以锥隆起为中心,借面神经管凸,岬小桥,锥体嵴,鼓索嵴等为标志,分为卵圆窗龛后隐窝,鼓室窦,外侧鼓室窦,面经验隐窝。面经神管与面神经隐窝的关系恒定,均位于其内侧壁,埋藏较浅;面神经管乳突段与外侧鼓室窦的关系较复杂,其埋藏位置,深浅与后者的型别有关。本文提出了根据外侧鼓室窦型别预测面神经乳突段的方法。还对鼓索嵴,岬小桥,锥体嵴的形态改变对后鼓室各窝窦间的相互关系的影响情况进行了观察,并探讨了其临床意义。

On 100 adult temporal bones the posterior tympanum was morphologically investigated. Taking pyramidal eminence as its centre, the posterior tympanum could be divided into a posterior ovalwindow niche recess, a tympanic sinus, a lateral tympanic sinus and a facial recess by demarca- ting marks——the facial canal eminence,the ponticulus, the pyramidal ridge and the chordal ridge. Facial nerve was found to be constantly located within the medial wall of facial recess and shallowly buried. The position and buried depth of the mastoid segment of facial nerve was closely related with the type of the lateral tympanum. In this paper, a way for determining the location of facial nerve was suggested.