半月板的相关结构及其血供的临床意义

Clinical significance of the structures correlative to menisci and their blood supply

57例膝半月板相关结构的观察结果显示:膝横韧带出现率为50%,呈粗大、中等和线状三种类型。该韧带可使内、外侧半月板形成一个功能整体以防损伤。半月板股骨韧带出现率为70%,长3.6cm,横径4.3mm,其存在可能是外侧半月板易损伤的原因之一。外侧半月板前角与前交叉韧带之间的纤维束出现率为70%,纤维稀疏。上三种结构含丰富的血管,具有修复损伤的良好条件。半月板滑膜缘覆于半月板上、下两面的周边,宽1～2mm,其组织疏松,血管丰富,有助于伤裂半月板的修复。

Three kinds of structures correla-tive to meniscus were studied in 57cases of knee joint specimens.Geni-cular transverse ligament was observedin 50% of the cases.It exists in 3types,thick type with a transversediameter about 3-4mm,intermediatetype about 1-3mm and threadlike type,thinner than 1mm.This ligament li-nks the two menisci into a single fu-nctional body to prevent the meniscifrom injury.Meniscofemoral ligamentwas observed in 70% of the cases,being 36mm in length and 4.3mm intransverse diameter.The existance ofthis ligament may cause injury ofthe lateral meniscus.The scatteringfiber bundles from the anterior hornof lateral meniscus to anterior cruci-ate ligament appeared in 70% of thecases.Plenty of blood vessels werefound in the correlative structures.The peripheral margin of meniscuswas covered with synovial fringe of1-2mm in width on both the upper andthe lower surfaces,which is alsoin rich of blood vessels.The bloodSupply to the correlative structuresis important for the recovery of me-niscus injury.