试论小提琴弓对弦压力的物理特性——兼议《关于小提琴演奏技巧的几点新想法》

Violin Bow:Physical Quality as Shown by Its Pressure on the Strings

小提琴运弓发音本身就是一个物理过程,从物理学的角度来研究是很有价值的,但必须紧密结合演奏和教学的实际,不能把弓对弦的压力、手作用于弓的合力和手对弓所施的力混为一谈。笔者根据运弓中弓对弦压力的原理设计了一个物理模型,对不同的典型状态进行了分析、计算。研究结果表明,要做到运弓中弓放松、省力,就必须充分利用弓子的重力,找到“平衡点”,还要熟知不同力度和不同弓位时手的用力情况,即使是拉奏均匀的平弓,手指传递力量的方式和大小也在随着运弓而不断的变化着,因而一定要正确区分琴弦所受的力、手对弓施加的力以及内心感觉的力,使其在演奏中达到辩证的统一。

For the bow to move in an easy and relaxing way, its gravity should be fully employed and a 'balancepoint' be found out, and moreover, a distinction be made between the pressures respectively on the strings,on the bow exerted by the hand, and on the player's inner mind, all the three in a dialectical unity.