政策问题确认:经验判断还是科学界定

Policy Issue Validation:Experience or Science

确认政策问题的重要性被政策学公认,它是政策分析的第一步。国内政策学专著中“政策问题确认”的理论,以“是否进入政策议程”和有否“强烈的社会反应”作为界定政策问题的标准,目的不清,缺乏可操作的研究思路、原则和步骤,重政府过程、轻研究规范,缺乏指导性研究方法,因此难以为决策者和研究者接受。同时易导致实践中的政策制定更多依赖于决策者的个人经验甚至直觉,以及现实中的政策研究表现为决策者率先认定问题,研究者再进行政策分析,成了“政策诱导研究”,违背了自然科学“预防”原则,缺乏前瞻性,造成政策资源调动具有盲目性、应急性。

It has been widely accepted the importance of the process of policy issue validating, and the process is regarded as the first step in policy analysis.Nevertheless, there are such limitations upon the theories and methods on the validating of policy issue in policy sciences in China, as barely described purpose, criteria for validating are set whether society is severely reacted or whether the issue is governmentally approved, principles to realize the purpose show up in general terms, procedure and steps to realize the purpose is hard to manipulate, there isn’ t a supervising research method to direct policy issue validating, and much importance is attached to theories of government process in traditional politics, while less is to the research regulation through it.As a result, the policy makers and researchers could not obtain relevant knowledge from these works.It would be very likely that above mentioned limitations in methodology would contribute to irrational behavior in factual policy agenda making, which prefers experience or even intuition rather than science and techniques.In nowadays policy making, researchers focus on those issues in policy agenda, therefore, policy inducted research comes into being.The principle of prevention in nature sciences is corrupted with the loss of a prospective viewpoint, making policy resources mobilization in chaos.