论隐喻的相似性辨析

On Analysis of the Similarity of Metaphor

对隐喻的相似性理解 ,不同的语言学派有着不同的解释。传统的语言学家认为隐喻是比较语言。语用学派认为隐喻理解是言语行为 ,要经过语用推理 ,才能得以理解。心理语言学家认为隐喻与人们普遍的思维和认知方式相一致 ,不需要复杂的语用推理。基于以上各派的研究 ,认知语言学派提出隐喻语言是人类的基本认知方式 ,是人类语言的概念体系之一。认知语言学派的观点符合我们认识世界的现实 ,认为隐喻的认知方式是从源域到目标域的映射。隐喻的相似性并不是必然的、预设的和推导出的 ,而是由人们的心理认知创造的。这一解释合乎人们日常理解隐喻的认知心理过程。认知理解过程依赖的是人们头脑中固有的知识图式和生活体验。

Different schools of linguistics have different interpretations of the understanding of metaphor. Traditional linguists think metaphor is a comparative language. The pragmatic school believes metaphorical language belongs to speech act. It can be understood only with the help of pragmatic reasoning. Psycholinguists holds that metaphorical thinking fits in with peoples general conceptual pattern and cognitive thinking pattern, and does not need complicated pragmatic reasoning. On the grounds of the above studies, cognitive linguists propose that metaphorical language is the basic cognitive pattern of metaphor and one of the conceptual systems of human language. The metaphoric cognitive pattern is that the knowledge of the source domain is mapped on the knowledge of the target domain. This interpretation agrees with people's cognitive psychological process of understanding metaphor in reality.