一部以事件为中心的英雄悲剧——关汉卿《哭存孝》杂剧剖析

An Eventcentered Heroic Tragedy——An Analysis of Tears and Filial Piety (ku cun xiao) by Guan Hanqing

关汉卿的《哭存孝》为我国早期悲剧画廊提供了一批富有色彩的人物造型 ,特别是李存孝和李克用这两位处于末路的悲剧英雄 ,更具独到价值。通过对《哭存孝》的悲剧情势、悲剧形象和悲剧类型的分析 ,认为《哭存孝》是一部以事件为中心的英雄悲剧 ,指出作品在表现形态上尽管还存在着这样或那样的不成熟之处 ,但所传递的时代剧场信息可贵 ,其开创之功是不可抹煞的 ,无论经验还是教训对后世都是有益的昭示。

Tears and Filial Piety (ku cun xiao), an opera written by the famous Chinese playwright in the Yuan Dynasty, contributes a lot to the diversity of tragic characters in the early Chinese opera history. Li Cunxiao and Li Keyong, two tragic heroes in the opera, are especially valuable for their heroic images. In respect to the plot, images and tragic types of the opera, it is held in this paper that the opera is an event-centered heroic tragedy. Though it is immature in its form of presentation, it succeeds in conveying the information about Guan’s time and it should be remembered as the first attempt to make opera as a type of drama. A lot can be learned from Guan’s writing experience.