“经济人”假设与可持续发展理论

“Broker Assumption” and the Theory of Sustainable Development

“经济人”假设是现代经济学的重要理论假设之一 ,在市场经济条件下 ,“经济人”假设与可持续发展既对立又统一 ,这里就“经济人”假设与可持续发展的矛盾以及产生矛盾的原因进行分析 ,认为矛盾的深层次原因主要在于环境资源的产权不清晰、资源稀缺却又被过度利用 ,以及环境资源利用中的外部不经济性和“经济人”的有限理性、政府的有限理性等几个方面。探讨了两者的协调统一关系 ,提出了完善机制 ,建立可持续发展伦理观 ,实现“经济人”与“道德人”的统一 ;对“经济人”行为进行有效控制 ,提出了实现“经济人”与“社会经济生态人”的统一等一系列促进社会经济持续有效发展的措施。

The “broker assumption” is one of the most important theoretical assumptions in modern economics. Under the market economic system, the “broker assumption” and sustainable development are opposite to each other, but at same time united with each other. The contradiction between these two, the reasons for such a contradiction and their united relationship are examined in this paper. It is held that the reasons for their contraction lie in the following facts: the ownership of environmental resources is not clear, the scant resources are overexploited, the external exploitation of these resources is uneconomic, and the reason of brokers and the government is limited. On the other hand, the relationship between them should be united to promote social economy to develop sustainably and effectively. Therefore, pertinent mechanisms should be perfected and the ethics of sustainable development should be formed to unite the broker and the “moral party”. And the broker’s behaviors should be controlled effectively to unite the broker and the “socio-economic and ecological party”.