广东省与河北省农业结构多样性变化的比较分析

Diversified Changes of Agricultural Structure in Guangdong and Hebei Provinces

文章利用农业结构指数结合比重法 ,比较分析了广东与河北两省 1 981年到 2 0 0 2年在农业总产值结构、作物类型结构、粮食作物结构、经济作物结构多样性方面的变化情况。结果表明 :(1 )在农业总产值结构上 ,南北两省都在向多元化方向发展。主要原因是农业比重显著下降 ,河北的牧业比重显著提高 ,广东的渔业和牧业比重显著提高。 (2 )在 2 2年间 ,南北两省在作物类型的变化上都在向多元化和均匀化方向发展。主要表现是粮食作物面积的比重显著下降 ,蔬菜、瓜类、饲料等其他类作物面积的比重大幅度提高。 (3 )广东粮食作物结构有向多元化发展的趋势 ,主要是占绝对优势的稻谷比重有所下降 ;河北粮食作物结构有向单一化发展的趋势 ,主要是小麦和玉米的面积比重明显提高。 (4 )南北两省的经济作物结构都在向单一化和非均匀化方向发展。主要原因都是油料作物在经济作物中的面积比重显著提高。

Diversified Changes in structure of total agricultural output value,crop type area,grain crop area and economic crop area from 1981 to 2002 in Guangdong province in the south China and Hebei province in the north China are compared and analyzed with agricultural structure index and proportion. The results are as follows. (1)The structure changes of total agricultural output value in the two provinces move towards diversification. The main causes are that the proportions of agricultural output value in the two provinces go down markedly and the proportions of livestock husbandry output value have a marked increase,and also,the proportion of fishery output value in Guangdong has a notable increase.(2)The structure changes of crop types from 1981 to 2002 in the two provinces develop into diversification alike,thanks to the sharp decreasing proportion of grain crop area and the substantial increase of other type crop area such as vegetables,melons,and green forage crops etc. (3) The grain crop structure in Guangdong develops into diversification because of the decrease of paddy area proportion,but in Hebei it develops unitarily due to the increase of wheat and corn area proportion. (4) The economic crop structures in the two provinces develop unitarily as a result of the increase of oilseed crop area proportion.