钻井高效破岩新进展

NEW PROGRESS ON EFFICIENT ROCK-BREAKING OF DRILLING

钻井工程作业要破碎厚达数千米厚的岩石 ,其破岩效率的主要影响因素是井下地层岩石性质、破岩工具和方法。文章对岩石性质进行了基本分析 ,进行了喷嘴射流水力冲蚀辅助破岩门限压力的实验研究。提出了在现有旋转钻井方式下 ,钻头的机械破岩、喷嘴射流的水力辅助破岩和降低井底压差是提高钻井破岩效率的三个重要途径。分别阐述了它们能够提高钻井速度的机理、方法、关键技术和研究方向。同时介绍了激光钻井和电热能钻井新方法的研究与发展趋势。

Well drilling has to break rocks which thickness reaches to several thousands of meters. The main factors that influence the efficiency of rock-breaking are the down-hole rock properties and the rock-breaking tools and methods. The article analyzes the rock properties and conducts the experiments for the threshold pressures of rock-breaking with aid of jet flowing. Also, the article points out that with recent rotary drilling the mechanical rock-breaking of bits, the rock-breaking with aid of jet flowing and decreasing the buttorn-hole pressure difference are 3 important ways to improve the rock-breaking efficiency of drilling. The mechanism, methods, Key techniques, and study direction of the 3 ways why they can improve the drilling penetration rate are discussed respectively At the same tine, the new techniques and developing trend of the laser drilling and the electric heater drilling are introduced.