华北高产农区公众对农业面源污染的环境保护意识及支付意愿调查

Residents′ awareness to agricultural nonpoint source pollution and willingness to pay for its environmental protection in a high-yielding agricultural region in northern China.

应用假设市场价值评估法(CVM)调查了华北高产农业区桓台县公众对防治农业面源污染地下水所需费用的支付意愿;评价了公众对技术、经济、政策等解决手段的期望和行为选择。调查表明,有60%以上的公众表现出能够为后代人着想而保护农业环境的可持续发展意识,有76%的人对污染现状的改善和治理持积极态度,人均支付意愿为22.8元·a-1,但公众对农业面源污染的环境保护意识不足。影响农民公众支付意愿的因素主要有家庭收入、受教育程度和职业。经推算,该县公众1a总支付意愿大约是1114.8～1320.2万元。可采取的环境保护技术措施以改良耕作习惯、控制化肥施用量为主,法制化的环保手段需要与公众环保意识相适应。

Agro-environment awareness and corresponding behavior choices of some essential technical and economic policies as well as even legislative countermeasures were investigated in a high-yielding farmland county in northern China.The contingent valuation method(CVM)was used to evaluate the public′s Willingness to pay(WTP)for the nonpoint source pollution resulting from intensive farming.Survey results showed that more than 60% of the interviewers expressed concerns on the environment health for their future generations.As high as 76% of the subjects revealed positive attitudes toward dealing with the pollution and protecting the environment from further deterioration.The averaged WTP was 22.8 yuan/year per capita.However,the public′s awareness of the potential threats caused by farming was at a quite low level.Willingness to pay mainly depended on such factors as family income,education level and occupation.Based on the population,the total WTP of the county was estimated at about 11.1-13.2 million yuan/year,which could be the best base for charging the fee.To improve conventional farming practices,especially over-fertilization,would be the most efficient technical measure.In contrast,legislation and strict regulations may not work efficiently due to the relatively weak environmental awareness of the public.