我国主要的外来恶性杂草及防治技术

Main invasive alien weeds in China and their control measures

外来恶性杂草具有极强的适应能力、竞争能力和惊人的繁殖能力,一旦入侵,能排挤当地物种,蔓延迅速,很快成为优势种群。我国主要恶性杂草有紫茎泽兰、香泽兰、蔓泽兰、凤眼蓝、喜旱莲子草、刺花莲子草、大米草、豚草等。防治这些外来恶性杂草主要措施可以采用加强检疫、替代控制、农业及机械防除、人工防除、生物防治、化学防除,以及研究有害杂草的利用等手段进行综合治理。

Swart weeds, such as Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng, E. Odoratum Linn., Mikania cordata (Burm.) B. L. Robinson, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms, Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb., Alternanthera pungens H.B.K., Spartina anglica C.E.Hubb., Lantana camara Linn., Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and A. trifida L. etc, are main invasive alien species in China, which have vigoroso competitive, adaptive and reproductive abilities. Once the alien species invade, the local floristicses will be squeezed out. The integrated control measures, for example, quarantine, substitute, agricultural and mechanical control, handy control, biological control, chemical control, as well as utilization of swart weeds, are summarized in this paper.