铬渣毒性对环境的影响与产出量分析

Environmental impact of chromic slag and analysis of chromic slag’s output

铬渣是铬盐生产过程中产生的化工固体废弃物 ,长期露天堆放 ,将导致含 Cr6 +溶液不断下渗 ,污染土壤和地下水。综述了以往铬毒性的研究成果 ,收集、整理和分析了我国铬盐生产的数据 ,在计算铬盐的排渣系数基础上 ,得到了铬渣的产出量。结果表明 ,在环境中迁移的铬对植物生长有抑制作用 ,阻滞作物对其它元素的吸收 ;铬能使动物细胞的代谢功能发生障碍 ,对动物体具有明显的“三致”作用。目前我国已跨入世界铬盐生产大国行列 ,铬盐每年实际产量已经超过 1 6万 T,通过计算排渣系数和铬渣产量表明 ,我国每年排放的铬渣量约为 35万～ 42万T。

To arouse the general public's awareness of the potential pollution of chromic slag to our living environment, the present paper has made a detailed review on the research results on the chromic toxicity by means of accumulating and analyzing the data concerned on chromate and calculating the discharge coefficient through such slag samples. As is known, chromic slag is a kind of chemical waste out of chromate production, whose dumping in the open air will cause waste water leach and pollute the surrounding soil and groundwater. As a result, the migrating chromium in the environment may give out an inhibiting action effect on the plants by keep them from absorbing other elements. As chromium has a strong induced mutation on the human chromosome, it will damage human's DNA. So far as we know, China has become one of the largest chromate producer, whose chromate production has already gone up by 160,000 tons. Its output and waste discharge coefficient is estimated to reach 350,000 tons to 420,000 tons. So large a lumber should be paid particular attention to by the departments concerned.