英国职业技术教育的特点

The Feature of British Vocational and Technical Education

职业技术教育资格证书体系分为普通教育证书 (GCE)、国家职业资格证书和国家普通职业资格证书 ,三者之间具有相互联系的等价关系 .英国高等教育由双重制走向于单一制 ,这反映了世界高等教育发展的三大主要趋势 ,即强化市场意识 ,加强与社会的联系 ,重视提高质量 .继续教育是指学生在 16岁后所接受的教育和培训 ,包括普通中等教育证书考试高级水平课程、普通中等教育证书考试补充高级水平课程、国家通用职业资格和预科课程 (亦称为基础课程 ) .多科技术学院主要承担高等职业教育任务 ,由中央政府委托组合社团 (或协会 )作为学校的社会管理机构 ,普遍实行“三明治”教育模式 .职业技术教育理念是以学生为中心 ,提倡个性化教育 .194 4年颁布的《教育法》是教育改革的基本法 ,对英国的职业教育具有划时代的意义 ;1976年制定的《综合中学设置促进法》促进综合中学迅速发展 ;1988年《教育法》确定职业教育必须为当地工商企业培养应用型技术人才 ,办学模式、管理方式、课程设置均注重与企业的结合 ,突出技术教育 ,成为英国职业技术教育的新型类型 .

Vocational and technical education credentials system includes general education certificate(GCE), national job credentials and national general job credentials. Having equivalent relation between the three each other. British high education changes from double system to single system, which reflects the three main trend of world high educational development, namely strengthening market awareness, strengthening the connection with society, and paying attention to raising the quality. Continuing educating refers to student's education and training accepted after 16 years old including ordinary secondary education certificate examination advanced horizontal course, ordinary secondary education certificate examination supplementary advanced horizontal course, national in common used job qualification and preparatory course (also called basic course). Technological institutes undertake mainly high vocational education task. Entrusting and making up the corporation( or the association) as the social management organization of the school by central government, Generally implementing the educational pattern of' sandwich'. Vocational and technical education theory regards student as the center, recommends individualized education. The' educational law' issued in 1994 is Basic Law of educational reform. It had epoch-making meanings to the vocational education of Britain. The 'comprehensive middle school set upthe law of promoting' made in 1976to promoted the comprehensive middle school to develop rapidly. ' Educational law' in 1988 confirmed that vocational education must train the applied technician for the local industrial and commercial enterprises in, School-running mode, management way and course setting all pay attention to the combination with enterprises, Stressing the technical education has become a new type of type of Britain's vocational and technical education.