德州市1999～2002年麻疹控制与监测分析

An Analysis on Measles Control and Surveillance in Dezhou City from 1999 to 2002

为了解德州市麻疹流行病学特点和麻疹监测系统运行状况 ,对 1999～ 2 0 0 2年麻疹监测的数据进行了分析。结果显示 :4年共报告麻疹疑似病例 2 6 4例 ,比常规传染病报告系统多出 138% ,确诊麻疹 12 3例 ,及时报告、及时调查和血清标本采集率分别达到 10 0 %、10 0 %、99%。麻疹发病呈散发和爆发并存的流行病学模式 ,爆发病例占总发病数的 5 1%。麻疹散发以学龄前儿童和成年人为主 ,爆发病例以学龄儿童为主。确诊病例中有麻疹疫苗 (MV)免疫史者占 32 5 2 % ,无免疫史者占 19 5 1% ,免疫史不详者占 4 7 97%。 3年麻疹监测报告的及时性、完整性和病例调查的完整性均达到 10 0 %。发病主要原因是MV接种率低和免疫失败。应在提高常规免疫接种率和接种质量的同时 ,要抓好大年龄儿童的MV强化免疫 ,进一步提高人群的免疫水平 ,预防控制麻疹爆发。

To understand the characteristics of measles epidemics and the running status of the measles surveillance system in Dezhou City,an analysis was made based on the measles surveillance data from 1999 to 2002.In the 4 years,264 suspected measles cases were reported that was 138%(111 cases)higher than that by routine reporting system.123 measles cases were confirmed cases,with the rates of timely reporting,timely investigation and serum specimen collection up to 100%,100% and 99% respectively.Of the epidemiological modes,sporadic cases and outbreak cases coexisted,outbreak measles cases accounted for 51% of the total cases.Sporadic cases were mainly preschool children and adults,while outbreak cases were mostly the school children.In confirmed measles cases,32.52% had measles vaccine immunization history,19.51% were non-vaccinated and 47.97% were uncertain.The timeliness and completeness of measles surveillance reporting and the completeness of case investigation reached 100% in the last 3 years.Measles cases were mainly due to low immunization coverage rate and failure of immunization.While improving the rate of routine measles immunization and its quality,it is more important to carry out enhanced immunization among older children so as to raise the level of immunity among the population,and to prevent and control the measles outbreak.