唐山市某高校麻疹爆发的流行病学特征

The Epidemiological Features of the Measles Outbreak in a College in Tangshan City

为探讨唐山市某高校麻疹爆发的流行病学特征 ,对该校麻疹爆发进行了调查。麻疹爆发于 2 0 0 1年 3月 2 6日～ 4月 2 6日 ,共 2 0例麻疹 ,均为该校学生。患者分 3代出现 ,主要分布在首发病例所在宿舍楼内。麻疹患者的临床表现以发热、斑丘疹为主 ,仅 8例可见口腔黏膜斑。本起麻疹爆发的流行病学特征是 :大学生麻疹爆发少见 ,麻疹发病年龄后移 ,呈典型的局部爆发 ,“代”现象明显 ,多数患者临床表现不典型。建议在麻疹流行季节对成人发热持续 >3d出疹者应疑为麻疹 ,为防止麻疹在高校内爆发应对新生实施麻疹疫苗接种。

To study the epidemiological features of the measles outbreak in a college in Tangshan,an epidemiological investigation was done.The measles outbreak occurred on March 26,2001 and stopped on April 26,2001.There were 20 measles patients,all of them were the college students.The patients with measles appeared in three generations and distributed mainly in the dormitory building where the first patient lived.The clinical manifestations mainly were fever and blotchy erythema,Koplik's spots appeared only in 8 cases.The epidemiological features of the measles outbreak were as follows:1. It was rare that the measles outbreak developed in college students;2. The age of onset was delayed;3. The outbreak was of typical local form and the phenomenon of generation was obvious;4. The clinical manifestations were not typical.So it is suggested that the diagnosis of suspected measles should be considered if an adult patient shows skin rash while his fever has persisted for over 3 days.For perventing measles epidemics in colleges,the new students should be vaccinated against measles.