成人用吸附精制白喉破伤风联合疫苗临床反应及血清学效果观察

Observation on the Clinical Reactions and Serological Effect of Adult-type Tetanus-Diphtheria Combined Vaccine(Td)

为了解成人用吸附精制白喉破伤风联合疫苗 (Td)的临床反应及血清学效果 ,于 1999年 3月在土默特左旗毕克齐镇第一、二小学 ,对 7岁和 14岁学生共 14 7人 ,接种北京生物制品研究所生产的Td。临床反应观察结果显示 :接种后 2 4h全身弱、中反应发生率 ,7岁组分别为 11 7%、3 9% ;12岁组分别为 11 4 %、4 3%。接种后 2 4h局部弱、中反应发生率 ,7岁组分别为 13 0 %、5 2 % ;12岁组分别为 11 4 %、4 3%。用间接血凝法检测免疫前后配对血清白喉、破伤风抗毒素含量显示 :免疫后白喉、破伤风抗体较免疫前≥ 4倍增长率 ,7岁组分别为 93 5 %、92 2 % ,免疫成功率分别为 96 1%、97 4 % ;12岁组分别为 92 8%、94 3% ,免疫成功率分别为 97 1%、97 1%。观察结果表明 ,小学生使用Td是安全有效的。另外 ,根据本次观察 ,免疫前小学一年级和六年级学生白喉、破伤风抗体已下降至较低水平 ,需对小学、初中、大学新生加强Td免疫。

The clinical reaction and serological effect were observed in 147 primary school students of 7 and 12 years old who were given one dose(0.5ml) adult-type tetanus-diphtheria combined vaccine(Td) in March 1999 in Bikeji town of Tumote Left Banner.The vaccine used were manufactured by National Vaccine and Serum Institute.The observation on clinical reactions showed that rates of mild and moderate systemic reactions in 7 year old students were 11.7% and 3.9% and that in 12 year old students were 11.4% and 4.3% respectively.The rates of mild and moderate local reactions in 7 year old students were 13.0% and 5.2%,that in 12 year old students were 11.4%,4.3% respectively.The serological effect of the paired sera showed that in 7 year old students,the positive rates of anti-diphtheria,anti-tetanus toxin with a 4-fold rise or more were 93.5% and 92.2%,the successful rates were 96.1% and 97.4% respectively;in 12 year old students,the positive rates of anti-diphtheria,anti-tetanus toxin with a 4-fold rise or more were 92.8% and 94.3%,the successful rates were 97.1%,97.1% respectively.Summing up the results above,the inoculation of Td from National Vaccine and Serum Institute to primary school students is safe and effective.Some other data acquired from this observation showed that before the Td booster immunization,the anti-diphtheria and anti-tetanus toxin levels remained lower in the first grade and six grade students of primary schools.We suggest that a booster immunization of diphtheria-tetanus combined vaccine should be given to students of primary and junior middle schools and the new students of colleges.