通向新南方的教育之路——浅析内战后美国南方的教育现代化

Educational Road to the New South——On Educational Modernization in the Postbellum American Sout

内战结束后,美国南方开始了面向现代化的教育改革。初等教育方面,在南方教育改革家和北方慈善家们的努力下,克服了资金缺乏、公共教育观念淡薄和种族歧视等障碍,初步建立了公共教育体系,实现了从精英教育到大众教育的转变。高等教育方面,在教育目标和课程设置上,从重人文到重科学和技能的培养,以适应工业化的要求,在培养对象上,不仅从贵族子弟扩展到平民子弟,而且从白人男子为主扩展到面向女性和黑人,出现了与旧南方相区别的新趋势。

After the civil war,American South began the educational reform gearing to moderniation.In the elementary education,the public education system was established preliminary under a combined effort of the southern education reformers and the northern philanthropists.In the higher education,the educational aim and the curriculums turned to focus on science and technology from on the humanities in order to meet the needs of industrialization,meanwhile,the objects of education expanded from the aristocracy to the common people, from the whitemen to the women and the black.