历史上的一次溃决洪水——1482年沁河流域大洪水

A historical dam-breaking flood in 1482:great Qinhe River Basin flood

据沁河流域九女台洪水题刻水位及相关历史文献记载,沁河流域1482年洪水洪峰流量极大,历时甚长,与该流域一般洪水过程的差异迥然。通过地貌调查,并利用14C测年等方法,对沁河九女台河段进行了详细研究,发现其1482年高洪水位是梯沟口泥石流-崩塌堆积物堰塞沁河主河道的结果。当年由于降雨,使梯沟流域发生泥石流,并导致沟口右岸岩壁崩塌,形成堰塞坝,造成沁河河道阻塞,过水断面减小,九女台附近河段水位壅高,并保持了近40天的时间,堰塞坝最终溃决,导致沁河下游怀庆府发生严重的洪水灾害。

According to the inscription and legend about the flood occurring in 1482 at Jiunütai in Qinhe River Basin the flood was characterized by very high peak flood discharge and long duration. It is different far from the general flood process in Qinhe River Basin. By landform investigation and age dating, it is found that the high flood water level resulting from block of debris flow and rockfall deposit in main course of Qinhe River. An debris dam was formed in the channel. The water level rose step by step and reached the height recorded by inscription in the end. Then dam-breaking flood made the disaster more serious at downstream of Qinhe River.