宋代“二程”的国家忧患意识及其对时代挑战的回应

The Two Brothers' Worries and Concerns for the State of the SONG Dynasty and Their Responses to the Era Challenges

北宋时期,中国的封建制度已开始衰落,社会矛盾极为尖锐复杂,阶级矛盾和民族矛盾交织在一起。具有国家忧患意识的封建士大夫程颢、程颐,面对国家积贫积弱的局面,"以兴其斯文为己任",忧国忧民,积极参与社会变革,综罗百代,融合三教,创立新儒学,适应了时代的要求,回应了时代的挑战,也体现了中华民族的精神。

During the SONG Dynasty, China's feudalist system began to decline and the social contradiction became fierce and complicated. The conflicts between the classes and nationalities wove up. The two feudalist scholars CHENG Yi and CHENG Hao who had the sense of worry and anxiety for the state situation of poverty and weakness pursued the belief of 'promoting culture and education as their duties', cared greatly for the fate of their state, took an active part in the social reforms, made a comprehensive survey into the past generations, harmonized the three religions and founded the Confucianism. All their maneuvers suited the demand of the era, responded the challenges of the time and demonstrated the spirits of the Chinese nation.