城建规划的文化内涵——七大古都比较研究之二

Comparative Studies of Seven Ancient Capitals (2):Urban Planning

古代都城是历代王朝最高统治者和最高权力机构所在地 ,是当时国家的政治、经济、军事、文化中心。研究七大古都的规划原则和遗迹遗址 ,可以比较清楚地看到 ,我国古都的城建规划属于“礼制”的范畴 ,具有极强的政治性 ;以儒家的经典《周礼》《周易》作为城建规划的指导思想 ,是我国封建社会古都规划的一个突出特点 ;同时 ,佛教、道家的思想与理念在古都规划中也或多或少地有所反映。因此 ,中国古都规划的文化内涵可以用以下 4句话来概括 :规划以礼 ,皇权第一 ,儒佛并用 ,象天法地。

For generations of Chinese dynasties,ancient capitals were where the highest rulers and power,were deposited as they functioned as centers of politics,economy,military,and culture. Studies of city planning,surviving sites,and remains of the seven ancient capitals in China have clearly revealed the following features: first,with its strong political implication,ancient Chinese capital urban planning falls under the category of “Principle of Rite';second,capital city planning in Chinese feudal society shows clearly a guiding principle that is based on two Confucian classics-the Rites of Zhou and Book of Changes; last,some Buddhist and Daoist thoughts and rationales are also reflected in ancient capital planning to a certain degree. Therefore,the planning principle of ancient Chinese capitals should be summarized with these four phrases: using the Rite in planning,taking imperial authority as the first priority,synthesizing Confucianism and Buddhism,and reconciliating with heaven and earth.