北京坛庙特色说略

Characteristics of Beijing Altars and Shrines

从坛庙的内涵、北京坛庙的种类、北京坛庙的特点三个方面入手 ,北京现存的坛庙可以分为多种 ,以祭祀对象而言 ,祭坛可以分为 8类 ,祠庙可以分为 3个大类 7个小类。北京祭坛的历史脉络十分清晰 ,建筑的特色鲜明 ,祭祀礼仪繁缛、严格。北京祠庙的种类多 ,规格高 ,其中又以帝王祠庙、儒家祠庙和名人祠庙最具有北京特色 ,最突出的特点就是强调儒家道统 ,不论哪类祠庙无不体现出是为统治阶级所服务的 ,尤以儒家祠庙和名人祠庙表现最为突出。

After a careful research on the cultural meaning,categories and characteristics of the existing altars and shrines in Beijing,it goes forward to classify the altars into 8 kinds and the shrines into 7 kinds according to the idols they sacrifice to. In addition,it makes a detailed analysis of the characteristics of the Beijing altars and shrines from the aspects of history,architecture style,sacrificial ceremony,construction sites and modes.