春秋兵学对于先秦哲学思想的贡献

Contributions,by Military Science of Spring and Autumn Period,To Philosophical Ideologies of Pre-Qin Period

以《孙子兵法》为代表的春秋兵学对于先秦哲学思想的形成与发展有着巨大的贡献。它在军事实践中重视特殊性的对象、时空条件、目标意义和组织形式,揭示了对立统一和控制反控制的本质关系,奠定了汉民族的功利理性精神。其中有关军队组织建设的思想和实践直接开启了先秦法家的政治路线,有关作战谋略的认识又是先秦术家的思想渊源。《孙子兵法》对于战争性质、形式等的界定和阐述,还是先秦思辨哲学的初阶。它的军事理性与墨家重视平等互利、和平共处的生活理性,《周易》重视发展变易的历史理性各有特点。它的功利精神与孔子继承传统而来的道德信仰构成了中国文化的两大源头。

The Spring and Autumn period military science represented by The Art of War by Sunzi made a great contribution to the formation and development of the philosophical ideology of the pre - Qin days.It lays bare the essential relationship between the unity of opposites and the control and counter- control in the special objects,the conditions of time and space,the meaning of target and the form of organization,to whose importance the military practice greatly attaches,so much as to form the spirit of the utilitarian rationality of the Han people.Both ideas and practice of military forces' organization construction directly opened the political line of the Le-galism of the pre-Qin days.The cognition of operational strategy is also the source of the ideas of the political players of the pre-Qin days.Besides,the definition and exposition of the nature and form of war in The Art of War by Sunzi was the initial stage of dialectical philosophy of the pre-Qin days.Its military rationality,the life rationality to value equaltiy and mutual benefits and peaceful coexistence originating from the daily experience advocated by the Mohist School,and the historical rationality to attach importance to the development and vari-ablity in the book Zhouyi,all have their own characteristics.Its utilitarian spirit and the moral belief from Confu-cius's inheritable tradition have constituted two great sources of the Chinese culture.