竟陵派与晚明时代

The Jingling School and the Late Ming Dynasty

晚明时代出现的著名文学流派竟陵派 ,集中体现了晚明的时代特征。其选评的唐及唐以前诗歌 ,由于带有明显时代特色而成为流行一时的文学普及读物 ;其所倡导的以“幽深孤峭”而体现的“灵性” ,则是晚明追求个性化的时代特征的反映。但因其处于急功近利的浮躁的晚明时代 ,故一定程度上带有“学殖不深”的缺点。清初士人对于竟陵的批评 ,系出于对明亡的总结 ,是对晚明时代的批评 ,而非单纯的文学批评。“五四”以后以及 2 0世纪 80年代以来出现的竟陵派与晚明文学热 ,体现了晚明时代社会转型期文化对于中国近代文化的影响。

The Jingling School, a leading literary school in the late Ming dynasty, highlighted the ethos of the time. They interpreted Tang and pre-Tang poetry with such contemporary eyes that their views became extremely popular at the time. Their call for “spirituality,' embedded in elevated and obscure language, mirrored the awakening individuality of the time. But their theories were not always well grounded, affected by the shallowness and cursoriness prevailing the late Ming. Drawing lessons from the fall of the Ming, the early Qing critics were not merely making literary criticism when they criticized the Jingling School. In the post-May Fourth Movement period (1919) and the 1980s, the Jingling School and late Ming literature once more became hot topics, token of the profound influence of the culture of the transient late Ming society over modern China.lateMingsociety