沪案交涉、五卅运动与一九二五年的执政府

Negotiations on the Shanghai Incident, the May Thirtieth Movement, and the Duan Qirui Government in 1925

五卅事件之所以引发大规模的群众运动 ,与执政府的政治、外交策略运用密不可分。此前 ,执政府面临严重的政治危机 ,而五卅事件的爆发让形势有了转机。执政府在沪案初期交涉中有意识地利用民众运动 ,迫使外人让步 ,并挟民意对抗强势军人 ,以便保持其地位。交涉移京后 ,则将重点转向单独对英策略的执行 ,以实力支持反英运动的展开。当列强在关税会议问题上做出让步后 ,执政府便开始对民众运动进行严厉的抑止。五卅运动实际上成了执政府运用的一种政治工具。

It was to a large extent the political and foreign policies of Duan Qirui's government that provoked a mass movement after the incident of May Thirtieth, 1925. The outbreak was a turning point in the political crisis of the Duan government. In the early stages of negotiation, the government deliberately exploited the movement, on the one hand to press the foreign powers for compromises, and on the other hand to force the powerful military into line. After the talks were shifted to Beijing, the Duan government trained its sights on Britain, providing substantial support to anti-British movements. After the powers made compromises at the Tariff Conference, the government began to suppress mass movements. In this regard, the May Thirtieth Movement was exploited by Duan Qirui's government as a political tool.