德意志犹太人向巴勒斯坦的移居(1933—1941)

The Migration of German Jews to Palestine (1933—1941)

纳粹当局认为支持犹太复国主义者的主张有助于“犹太人问题”的解决 ,因而利用不断升级的反犹政策 ,力图将尽可能多的德意志犹太人赶向巴勒斯坦。不少德意志犹太人在面临纳粹当局的迫害和驱逐、西方民主国家又拒绝他们入境而走投无路的情况下 ,加入犹太复国主义移居运动之中。这两个截然相反的对立面甚至在诸如出境手续的办理、职业培训班的开办、部分财产的转移以及非法偷渡等问题上达成了某种程度的妥协和默契 ,从而使得向巴勒斯坦的移民具有一种组织化的特点。

To the Nazi administration, supporting Zionism might help solve the “Jewish Question.' It thus made full use of the escalating Anti-Jewish policy and tried all means to expel the German Jews to Palestine. More German Jews joined the Zionist campaign of migration, being persecuted and expelled by the Nazi and refused by the Western democratic countries. The conflicting parties even reached a compromise and a tacit agreement on such issues as exit formalities, occupational training, property transference and illegal migration into Palestine. The migrants themselves attained group organization of a sort. However, the wolf-and-sheep relation was obvious: while the Nazi administration could break the compromise and the tacit agreement at will, the Jews could only yield to the increasingly cruel social situation and finally be herded into a dead corner.