儒家命运观是消极宿命论吗

On Whether the Confucian View of Destiny is Pessimistic Determinism

在孔孟为代表的儒家思想中 ,“命”包含两个层次 :一表示“天命” ,代表至上神———“天”的意志 ,是道德的最后根据 ;二表示通常所谓命运 ,是对人的客观限制 ,反映了人的有限性。“知天命”是知晓自身肩负的使命 ,“知命”一向难解 ,但是新出土的郭店楚简让我们知道“知命”即明白人应当做什么。孟子的“无义无命”思想强调发挥人的主观能动性 ,充分发扬了孔子“知其不可而为之”的精神 。

In the thoughts of Confucianism best represented by Confucius and Mencius, Ming includes two aspects: one is the Decree of Heaven, referring to the will of Heaven which is the ulftimate reason for morality; the other is Destiny which is the objective restriction of man showing the limitation of human beings 'To know the Decree of Heaven' means to know the mission of yourself. Although usually hard to understand, Guodian bamboo manuscripts which were just unearthed show that 'to know the Destiny' means to know what you should do. By advocating the thought of 'no Righteousness no Ming', Mencius fully carried forward the confucian spirit of 'trying to do what one knows he won't succeed in doing' , which makes it clear that the confucian view of desting is not pessimistic.