日本封建时代的地方自治权

On Local Autonomy of Japanese Feudal Society

日本封建时代的地方自治权 ,既有相当于西欧“特恩权”的“不输”、“不入”权 ,像威尼斯那样实行自治的城市———、平野、博多等 ,还有农村自治组织“”。幕府时代实行权威与权力二元分离的间接统治体制 ,天皇和将军分别是权威性君主和权力性君主。将军名义上是全国的最高统治者 ,实质上只是天领 (直辖地 )和大名的君主 ;大名是大名领国的君主 ;大小主独立行使领地的统治权。德川时代的“町役人”和“村方三役”全权管理城下町和农村。

The local autonomy of Japanese feudal society was similar to the medieval Italian autonomy city Venice. And in Japanese countryside there were many muna autonomy organizations, too. In the time of shogunate, Japan carried on the indirect rule system in which the authonitation and right were separated. The tenno was the authonitation, emperor and the shogun was the right Lord. The shogun was the highest ruler of state in name and the shogun was only the Lord of the dimyo and the direct under of jurisdiction of region in substance. The dimyo was the ruler of the dimyo region. The feudal Loads ruled their realms independently, during Tokugawa shogunate, the managers of chonir were in charge of cho and muna.