先秦时期道家和儒家天人关系的认识

Confucian School's and Taoism's Opinion about View of Heaven and Human in Earlier Qin

从尧开始,中国古人开始将天作为自然来认识。到了春秋战国时期,出现三种关于天人关系的典型性学说,一是老子的顺任自然学说,二是《易传》的天人协调说,三是荀子的改造自然说。这三种学说都认为天是自然,人应顺应自然的规律行事。不同之处在于老子不提倡人为的相天之不足,而《易传》、荀子则主张发挥人的主观能动性,利用自然,改造自然。

At Earlier Qin times ,there were three theories about the relationship of heaven and human. First, Lao Zi advocated the ideal that complied the nature. Second, Yi Zhuan advocated the ideal that coordinated heaven and human. Third, Xun Zi advocated the ideal that reformed the nature. The three theories are same that heaven is natural, human should comply to natural law. The differences are that Lao Zi didn't advocate human reform nature, but Yi Zhuan and Xun Zi stood for giving play to human's subjective initiative to reform and make use of nature.