大学生亲社会倾向、亲社会推理以及它们的相关模式

Chinese College Students' Prosocial Tendencies, Prosocial Moral Reasoning and Their Correlation Patterns

采用《亲社会倾向测量》和《亲社会推理客观测量》研究了17至20岁大学生的六类亲社会倾向和亲社会推理的状况。发现大学生将利他的亲社会倾向列为六类倾向中的首位,接下来依次是紧急的、情绪性的、依从的、匿名的和公开的亲社会倾向;在亲社会推理五种类型中大学生选择比率最高的是内化价值定向的推理,接下来依次是刻板定向、需要定向和享乐主义定向的推理,所占比率最低的是赞扬定向的推理;六类亲社会倾向与亲社会推理之间具有特定的相关模式,利他的和匿名的亲社会倾向与内化价值定向和刻扳定向的推理正相关、与享乐主义定向及赞扬定向的推理负相关,公开的亲社会倾向与赞扬定向的推理正相关、与需要定向的推理负相关。跨文化比较证实,中美大学生的上述三个方面表现出一定的差异。

The prosocial tendencies, prosocial moral reasoning and their correlations were investigated with 165 Chinese college students (aged 17-20) as subjects and the Prosocial Tendencies Measure (PTM) and Prosocial Reasoning Objective Measure (PROM) applied. The results show that: (1) Most students admit their altruistic prosocial tendency as the first among the six types of prosocial tendencies, the remainders are given in the following order: dire, emotional, complaint, anonymous and public prosocial tendencies; (2) They take internalized prosocial moral reasoning as the first term, then the following terms are stereotypic, need-oriented, hedonistic and approval-oriented prosocial moral reasoning, respectively; (3) There are special correlation patterns between the students' six types of prosocial tendencies and their prosocial moral reasoning. For example, public prosocial tendency is related positively to approval-oriented prosocial moral reasoning and negatively to need-oriented prosocial moral reasoning; altruistic and anonymous prosocial tendencies are related positively to stereotypic and internalized prosocial moral reasoning, and related negatively to hedonistic and approval-oriented prosocial moral reasoning; (4) Cross culture comparison verified the differences between Chinese and American students on the three aspects above.