刻板印象与特质建构关系的实验研究

An Experimental Study on the Relationship Between Trait-Construction and Stereotype

根据平行-约束-满足模型的基本主张,利用情境模拟法探讨了特质激活与刻板印象的建构关系以及刻板化信息与个体化信息经由特质激活所表现出的交互影响。实验结果表明:(1)刻板印象影响特质的含义,特质会自动化地激活刻板印象,并且由特质及其具体的描述性内容所形成的个体化信息在具体的情景中联合起来影响刻板印象效应;(2)刻板印象与其他信息在加工通路上是相对独立或平行的;(3)刻板印象是兼具自动化加工与控制加工的混合体。

According to the basic proposition of the parallel-constraint-satisfaction theory, this study probes into the constructive relationship between trait-activation and stereotype. The experiment shows: 1) Stereotype can influence the trait's implication, while trait can automatically activate stereotype. In fact, the individuating information formed by trait and its concrete descriptive contents jointly influence the effect of stereotype in special situations. 2) Stereotype and other information are relatively dissociated or parallel in their processing. 3) Stereotype is a mixture of the automatic processing and the controlled processing.