小学生字词识别与语言技能、工作记忆关系研究

A Study on the Relationship Between Primary School Pupils' Word Recognition and Their Language Skills and Working Memory

本研究采用注音任务、语言任务、再认方法探讨了小学生字词识别与语言技能、工作记忆的关系和影响小学生字词识别的因素。发现:(1)字词识别与语言技能、工作记忆在2、4年级相关均显著;6年级学生字词识别与语言技能的形旁及工作记忆相关不显著,但与语言技能其它维度相关显著(2)预测小学生字词识别发展的主要因素随年级升高而变化。预测2年级学生字词识别的重要指标是语音的音节、字形的形旁与工作记忆;4年级是语音的音节、字形的声旁、句法与工作记忆;6年级是语音的声韵、字形的声旁与语义。

With phonetic notation tasks, language tasks and recognition the research probed into the relationship between primary school pupils' Chinese word recognition and their language skills and working memory, and the factors that affect their word recognition skill. In our research, we discovered that (1)the correlation between word recognition, and language skills and working memory was significant in grades 2 and 4; the correlation between the word recognition of the pupils of grade six and the pictographic element of Chinese characters and working memory was not significant, but the correlation between word recognition skill and the other factors of language skills was significant; (2) the main factors that predicted the development of the pupils' word recognition varied with theire grades. The main indexes that forecast the development of grade 2 pupils' word recognition were phonetic, syllablest, pictographic elements of Chinese characters and working memory; those for the pupils of grade 4 were phonctic syllables, phonetic elemenst of Chinese characters, syntactic structure and working memory; those for the pupils of grade 6 were rhymes, phonetic elements of Chinese characters and meaing.