土地开发整理项目的土地质量评价——以辽宁省庄河市土地复垦项目为例

Land Quality Evaluation of Land Development and Consolidation Project: the Case of Land Reclamation Project of Zhuanghe City,Liaoning Province

该文根据项目区的生态环境特征,针对实施土地整理后对土地质量所造成的影响,选取自然条件和农田基本建设两大基本因素建立评价指标体系,结合多因素综合评判法与标准地块法对项目区土地整理实施前后的土地质量进行了评价。项目实施前,区内耕地质量分为3级:一级区面积11 4hm2,占土地总面积的10 3%;二级区5 0hm2,占4 5%;三级区27 0hm2,占24 4%。复垦后耕地综合质量均达到一级水平,复垦前质量等级为一级的耕地,项目实施后,其灌排条件、道路条件等得以完善和改进,耕地质量得到进一步的提高。整理后项目区园地55 4hm2,占项目区总面积的50 0%,通过坡改梯,客土改良,增加灌溉设施,改建、新建道路,园地综合质量由整理前的二级水平提高到整理后的一级水平。土地开发整理项目土地质量评价具有评价范围小、评价因素定量指标数据获取的难度大和评价对象在项目实施前后质量变化较大的特点。

The objectives of land consolidation and rehabilitation (LCR) in China is to form a rational, effective, and intensive land use pattern, increase effective area of cultivated land, enhance land use efficiency and meet the demands of socioeconomic development to land, through taking some countermeasures. Usually, the LCR projects are divided into three types, i.e. land development project, land consolidation project and land reclamation project, according to their characteristics. Land quality evaluation of LCR project is a new field with the characteristics as follows: a) with a small evaluation area; b) with a high difficulty to obtain the quantitative value of evaluation factors; and c) with an obvious change of land quality in project area before/after carrying out LCR. According to the characteristics of eco-environment in project area and aiming at the influences of LCR on land quality, physical conditions and arable land capital construction are taken as two main basic factors to establish appraisal index system. Two methods of multi-factors synthetic judge and standard plot judge are applied to evaluate the land quality in land reclamation project area of zhuanghe city, Liaoning province, before/after carrying out LCR. Before carrying out LCR, the cultivated land quality in project area were classified as three grades: the area of first-grade is 11.4 hm^2, and makes up 10.3 percent of the total area; the area of second-grade is 5 hm^2, and constitutes 4.5 percent of the total area; and the area for third-grade is 27 hm^2, and makes up 24.4 percent of the total area. The quality of all cultivated land attained first-grade through land reclamation. The area of garden plot amounts 55.4 hm^2, and makes up 50 percent of the total area. The integrated quality of garden plot is enhanced to first-grade from second-grade before carrying out LCR, through changing garden plot from sloping fields to terraced fields, improving soil quality, increasing irrigation facilities, and improving or building roads.The evaluation methods adopted in this paper have the advantages of reflecting both the change extent and the local level of land quality before/after carrying out LCR. However, to some extent, the evaluation results have certain subjectivity because of the small evaluation area and the difficulty to obtain the quantitative value of evaluation indices, which make more qualitative indices in total evaluation indices. Lessening the subjectivity in the process of evaluation is one of the important contents improving the accuracy of land quality evaluation of LCR project in the future.