三江平原典型湿地冷湿效应的初步研究

Cold-humid ecological effects of the Sanjiang Plain

在三江平原沼泽湿地生态试验站内选择3种群落(毛果苔草-狭叶甜茅-漂筏苔草群落,狭叶甜茅-漂筏苔草群落,小叶樟群落),在各群落内分别选取一种主要建群种,测定湿地植被的蒸腾强度,计算出群落范围内湿地植被的增湿降温效应,即冷湿效应。研究结果表明,湿地冷湿效应与湿地植被类型有关,3种植被中漂筏苔草的冷湿作用最大,其次为小叶樟,毛果苔草最小。这是因为漂筏苔草是典型的湿地植被,生长于多水环境中,其增湿降温作用较明显。湿地植被冷湿效应与湿地面积大小有一定的相关关系,湿地植被面积越大,其冷湿作用越强,并且多种植被的相互作用可以加强湿地的冷湿作用。

Three communities at the Sanjiang Ecological Research Station (Glyeria spiculosa-Carex lasiocarpa-Carex pseudocuraica, Carex lasiocarpa-Carex pseudocuraica and Peyeuxia augustifolia) were chosen for research. A main constructive species individually in each of three communities was selected and the intensity of transpiration of wetland plants was measured. And then the cold-humid ecological effect was estimate. At last we can come to these conclusions as follows. The effect of cooling and humidifying of wetland relates to plant type. Among three plants, the effect of Carex pseudocuraica is the biggest. The next is Calamagrostis augustifolia. Because Carex pseudocuraica is a typical wetland plant which has a certain relationship with wetland environment with too much water. So it has the remarked effect on the surrounding environment. On the other hand, the effect bears to plant area. Additionally, many wetland plants?reciprocal interaction can strengthen this effect.