1CHEN X, YE L,ZHANG Y. Refusing in Chinese[ M]// KASPER G. Technical Report #5 : Pragmatics of Chinese as Native and Target Language. Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press, 1995 : 119 - 163.
2CLARK H H, SCHUNK D H. Polite responses to polite requests [ J ]. Cognition, 1980 (8) : 111 - 143.
3BIDDLE B J, THOMAS E J. (eds.) Role theory: Con- cepts and research[ M]. Huntington, NY: R. R. Krieger, 1979:63.
4王雪梅.社会学概论[M].北京:北京出版社,2008:81.
5BARDOVI - HARL/G K, HARTFORD B. Saying' no' in English: Native and nonnative rejections [ M ]//LAW- RENCE B, YAMUNA K. Pragmatics and Language Learning 2. Urbana - Champaign, IL: University of I11i- nois, 1991:41 - 58.
6BEEBE L, TAKAHASHI T, ULISS - WELTZ R. Prag- matic transfer in ESL refusals [ M ] ff SCARCELLA R C, ANDERSON E S, S D KRASHEN. Developing Commu- nicative Competence in a Second Language. New York: Newbury House Publishers, 1990:55 - 73.
7GASS S M, HOUCK N. Interlanguage refusals: A cross - cultural study of Japanese - English [ M ]. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co. KG, 1999 : 1 - 10.
8HE W. Issues in second language teaching: pragnmtics and discourse analysis in teaching Chinese as a second language [ D ]. Clark University, Masachusetts, 1998:1 - 25.
9HUSSEIN A A. The sociolinguistic patterns of native Ar- abic speakers: implications for teaching Arabic as a for- eign language [ J ]. Applied Language Learning , 1995 (6) :65 -87.
10KESHAVARZ M I-I , ESLAMI Z R, GHAHRAMAN V. Pragmatic transfer and Iranian EFL refusals: A cross - cultural perspective of Persian and English [ M ] //J K BARDOVI- HARLIG, J C FELIX- BRASDEFER, A S OMAR. Pragmatics Language Learning :vol. ii. Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press,2006:359 - 402.
