血吸虫病和钉螺输入三峡库区的途径与方式调查

INVESTIGATION ON IMPORT WAY OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AND ONCOMELANIA SNAILS IN THREE GORGES RESERVOIR AREAS

目的 研究血吸虫病和钉螺输入三峡库区的途径与方式 ,为库区血吸虫病的监测与预警提供参考。方法 问卷调查巴东、秭归流动人口 2 6 5人及搬迁到湖北省血吸虫病流行区的移民15 84人 ,并进行血吸虫病血清学 (IHA、COPT)筛查 ;调查巴东、秭归耕牛情况、造纸厂原料及园林花木的来源与数量 ;库区“高移后靠”居民现况调查 ;收集统计年鉴、库区经济发展等社会经济资料。结果 未发现来自血吸虫病流行区的耕牛。库区湖北段流动人口主要来自湖北省内血吸虫病流行区 ,血清学阳性率为 0 .5 7% (1/ 175 ) ,外迁移民血清学阳性率为 1.0 1% (12 / 1186 )。引进的园林花木中未发现钉螺 ,亦未见从流行区购入芦苇造纸 ;“高移后靠”移民生活、卫生有较大改善 ,但生产安置不到位。未来宜优先发展柑橘业、畜牧业、水产养殖业、旅游业。结论 流动人口、库区移至流行区移民将成为血吸虫病的主要传染源 ,牛也可作为传染源。尚不能排除钉螺随花木、造纸原料芦苇输入的可能 ;发展柑橘业有利于血吸虫病防治 ,但发展畜牧业、水产养殖业、旅游业使传染源。

Objective To study the import way of schistosomiasis and the vector snail in Three Gorges Reservoir areas (TGR), so as to provide the reference for the surveillance, early warning of schistosomiasis.Methods A total of 256 movement population in Badong County and Zigui County and 1584 immigrants from TGR to the endemic area of Hubei Province were investigated by questionnaire, and screened by means of IHA and COPT. The farm cattle were surveyed in Badong County and Zigui County. Production of paper mills, the source of papermaking raw material, flowers and trees in gardens were investigated for snail survey. At the same time, current situation of immigrants in TGR was investigated. Social data (statistic yearbook, etc) and policy data of development of TGR were collected. Results No farm cattle from endemic area of schistosomiasis was found. In Hubei reach of TGR, the movenment population were mainly from the endemic area of schistosomiasis in Hubei Province. The positive rate of both IHA and COPY was 0 57%(1/175); the positive rate of both IHA in emigrants from TGR was 1 01%(12/1186). No Oncomelania snail was found in the introduced flowers and trees in garden. In paper mills, no reed from the endemic area of schistosomiasis was found. Migrants′ living and sanitary condition were improved after moving,but the production was not well arranged. Orange industry, travel industry, animal husbandry and fishery should be developed preferentially in the future. Conclusion Migrants from TGR to the endemic area of schistosomiasis and the movement population will be the mainly infection source. The problem on cattle as the infection source should be paid attention. It can't be excluded that snail will enter TGR together with the raw material for paper mills or flowers and trees. To develop orange industry will be good for the control of schistosomiasis; but the development of animal husbandry, fishery and travel industry will increase the risk of import of the infection source and snails to TGR.