不同年份的气候和栽培条件对冬小麦产量构成因素的影响

The Influence of Climate and Cultivation on the Yield Components of Winter Wheat in Different Years

为了给冬小麦高产栽培提供理论依据,通过多年的高产攻关与小区高产栽培试验,对冬小麦的产量构成因素和产量进行了研究。结果表明,在一定的地区范围内,高产冬小麦丰年穗粒数多,穗粒重高,穗数是构成产量的主导因素,穗粒数次之,千粒重的作用很小,产量随着穗数、穗粒数的增加和千粒重的降低而提高;欠年穗粒数或千粒重大大低于平年,穗粒重低,穗数仍然是构成产量的主导因素,穗粒数次之,千粒重的作用很小,产量随着穗数和穗粒重的增加而提高;平年穗粒数与千粒重互补或穗数与穗粒重互补或穗、粒、重三因素适宜,就能够取得理想产量。因此,不同年份,采取相应技术措施,减少气候条件的不利影响,只有穗数达到甚至突破适宜范围的高限又不倒伏,才能使小麦产量丰年创高产,平年获丰收,欠年不减产。

Through years of survey and investigation,the yield and the influence of climate and cultivation on yield components of winter Wheat was studied. The result shows that, in good harvest year, the spike (number) and the grain (number) increased, while the 1000-grain weight reduced; In bad (harvest) year, the spike number and less 1000-grain weight is the main factor, and the yield increased while the spike number and grain weight increased. In (average-harvest) year, the suitable level of grain number and 1000-grain weight or with high grain weihgt is the main factor to get high yield, and the yield increased when the spike number and the grain number increased. In different year, when the influence of climatic element to the yield-components reduced, it can get wanted yield as soon as the spike number get a suitable threshold to keep the winter wheat from lodging.