合肥市中学生危害健康行为5年变化分析

Trends in Health-risk Behaviors from 1998 to 2003 Among Middle School Students in Hefei

目的掌握合肥市青少年危害健康行为的变化趋势,分析危险因素和保护因素,以便为做好预防干预工作提供科学依据。方法制定"青少年健康与行为问卷",在合肥市城乡各选取3所中学作为青少年危害健康行为的监测点校,分别于1998年和2003年对监测点校每个年级1个班级的学生进行无记名问卷调查。1998年获得有效问卷2 044份,2003年获得有效问卷2 020份。结果2003年比1998年有显著性上升的危害健康行为包括:最近1 a到野外游泳多数情况下无大人看护,最近1个月至少有1 d携带刀具、短棒等武器,近1 a认真地考虑过自杀(自杀意念)、制定过自杀计划(自杀计划)、有过自杀行为(自杀行动),13岁前吸烟、最近1个月吸过烟、最近1月每天吸烟、规律吸烟,13岁前饮过酒,最近1 a内饮过酒、最近1个月内饮酒、大量饮酒、饮酒呕吐,最近7 d无大强度运动、7 d内无持续走路／骑车30min以上,认为体重超重或肥胖、节食减肥、饭后催吐等,试图戒烟。结论与美国中学生多数危害健康行为的下降趋势不同,合肥市中学生危害健康行为呈上升趋势。

Objective To determine the trends in health-risk behaviors of middle school students in Hefei, to analyze their risk factors and protective factors, and to provide evidence for controlling adolescent health risk behaviors. Methods An anonymous self-administered questionnaire which was composed of sociodemographic characteristics, health-risk behaviors and psychosocial variables, was used in 3 urban schools and 3 rural schools in Hefei among 2 044 students in 1998, and among 2 020 students in 2003, respectively. Results The health-risk behaviors increased in 2003 as compared with the data collected in 1998. The health-risk behaviors included swimming without watching by adults during the past year; having carried a weapon such as knife, club during the past 30 days; having suicidal ideation, suicidal plan or attempted suicide during the past year;smoking for the first time before 13 years old;smoking during the past 30 days; smoking every day during the past 30 days; regular smoking;alcohol use for the first time before 13 years old; having drunk alcohol during the past year or during the past 30 days; over drunk; vomit after drinking alcohol; no vigorous sports activities during the past 7 days; not walking or bicycling for at least 30 minutes during the past 7 days; flunking overweight; dieting for weight-losing; making vomit after dinner. Meanwhile, the percentage of students who tried to quit smoking also increased. Conclusion There is trend towards increased health-risk behaviors among Hefei middle school students, which is different from trend towards decreased health-risk behaviors among US adolescent students.