宋元人对理学文弊的批判和理学文学观的演变

The Criticism about the Defect of Rational Literature by the People in Song and YangDynasty and the Evolution of Outlook of Rational Literature

宋代理学在德、艺关系和文、道关系上走向了重德轻艺和重道轻文的极端 ,程颐提出“作文害道”说 ,对宋元时期的诗文和文学理论造成了极大的消极影响。但程颐等人的主张是不符合先儒垂训的 ,于是在宋元时期 ,许多人起而批判这种文道观 ,批判由此造成的文弊。与此相伴随 ,宋元时期理学家们的文学观念也发生着巨大变化 ,一方面 ,他们改变了理学宗师们提出的一些文学主张 ,如抛弃“作文害道”说而提倡“融会文理” ,抛弃“作诗妨事”说而提倡“敛情约性”以为诗 ;另一方面 ,他们对理学前辈提出的一些反文学的文学观做出了新的解说 ,我们称之为“非诗理论的诗学阐释”。由此角度 ,我们也可以审视宋元时期文学思想的变化 。

Tational theory in SongDynasty come to an extreme end that the relationship between virtue and ability ,art and theme.They pay much more attention to virtue than ability.Focus theme on more than art.ChengYi comes up with “art is harm to theme 'Theory.It takes great negative effect on the poetry and academic.But the idea of ancient Saint.Therefore,during Song and Yuan.A great number of people opposed against this kind of academic theory about literature.It's the conception caused the disadvantages of the literature. Accompany with this case,the view of some rationalist have change lot.On one side,they abandon artistis master's idea about literature.For instance they give up“art is harm to theme'and back“combine art with theme'conception,let alone “poem hindering Theory'and support for “express your feeling and forbid your desire'instruct us to write poem.On the other hand,they explain some processors academic theory explanation of poem. “From this angle of it,we also have a birdview outlook about the stream of literature in Song and YuanDynasty especially something are related to the Literature conception change.