“体格声调”与“兴象风神”的兼容共生——论胡应麟的诗学观念

The Compatibility of "Artistic Form"and "Romantic Charm" -On Poetic Concept of Hu Yinglin

明代诗论家胡应麟在诗学史上有重要的地位 ,他的诗学思想集中见于其诗学理论代表著作《诗薮》。在《诗薮》中 ,胡应麟所提出的最主要的诗学范畴是“体格声调”与“兴象风神”。在他看来 ,诗的基本要素就是“休格声调”和“兴象风神”。这二者的关系又是相辅相成、缺一不可的。“体格声调”主要指诗歌的体裁、句法、音韵、声律等外在形式方面的问题 ;“兴象”指诗歌创作中以自然感发的方式来创造的审美意象 ,“风神”指一种好诗所具有的风华神韵 ,类似于严羽的“兴趣”。“体格声调”与“兴象风神”是一种虚实结合的关系。“体格声调”是“兴象风神”的基础 ,“兴象风神”是“体格声调”的升华。胡应麟在文学史的观念上提出了“体以代变”的文学史观 ,认为整个文学发展的过程就是由生发到极致到衰落的这样一个循环往复的过程。这种文学发展观植根于“盛极而衰 ,否极泰来”

Chiefly, the edition of complete works of DaFu by HeJingming has three types: the block-printed edition in the third year of JiaJing in Ming Dynasty; the second one in 37th year of JiaJing and the third one in the fifth year of WanLi in Ming dynasty. Mr. Wang Chongming once questioned the latter two editions. As a matter of fact, no deletion or incompletion was found in these two editions. The phenomena of different editions was caused by the compilers who held three respective guiding ideology to the book.