从土壤的储水能力分析黄土高原的植被建设

Analysis of Building Forest Coverage in the Loess Plateau Area by Studying the Water Retaining Capacity of Soil

土壤水分是黄土高原植被建设的首要限制因子,并受大气降水和土壤质地等因素的影响。对黄土高原大范围内降水、土壤质地、土壤储水能力的区域变化趋势和不同植物正常生长的需水分析,认为黄土高原植被建设的对策是:在半湿润地区,发展乔林兼灌木,农作物以冬小麦为主,搞好耙耱保墒,使降水就地入渗;在半干旱地区,以灌木为主,兼顾乔林,农田以春作为主,争取雨作同步,并修梯田、水平沟等防治水土流失;在干旱地区,发展灌木和半灌木,不具备灌溉条件的农田搞秋作物轮休,争取雨热同步和伏雨春用或修隔坡梯田等发展聚流农业。三个类型区都可以发展草地。

Soil moisture is the first important constraint of building forest coverage in the Loess Plateau area. It is affected by rainfall and soil texture. Based on the analysis of the tendency of regional variability of rainfall, soil texture, water-retaining capacity of soil and water demand for normal growth of different plants in vast area of the Loess Plateau , it is considered that the counter-measures of reforestation should be different in different localities. In semi-humid area, arbor forest should be developed in the main and giving considera-tion to shrub; winter wheat is the major crops, and harrowing shoud be well done in order to retain the soil moisture and to make rainfall seaping into soil on the spot. In semiarid area, shrub should be taken in the main and giving consideration to arbor; spring crops are the major crops on the farmland and the summer crops may be planted synchronously. Terraced field , bench gullies are to be built to prevent soil loss. In the arid area, shrub and semi-shrub should be developed. In the farmland without irrigation, rotate the fall crops day off, try to make two crops synchronously and to use summer rain in the spring or to build terraced field with intermediate slopes to develop agriculture water. Grass field can be developed in the above mentioned three types of land.