全球化、治理失效与社会安全

Globalization, Governance Failure and Social Security

民族国家治理面临着全球化的挑战。中国的全球化进程是与社会经济转型同步进行的,这从根本上决定了中国面临的社会安全问题与许多国家并不相同。2003年突然而至的SARS危机突显了在全球化时代保障社会安全的重要性及传统的国家中心治理结构的根本缺陷。因此,如何改革传统的高度集中的治理结构,在维持国家治理能力的同时,培育和发展更多的治理主体,协调相互之间的关系,从而构建互补性的互增强治理网络,以应对全球化进程中不断出现的各种问题,提高社会安全水平,就成为中国目前面临的关键问题。

Until now, state-centered governance is a provider for social securities. Nonetheless, rapid globalization is challenging nation-state by inducing various new or old issues. Governance failure is a major source for social securities. There are three kinds of governance failures: structural failure, institutional failure and policy failure. The latter two are usual. Under the backdrop of globalization, governance failures often happen in the fields involving rapid flows across borders, such as capital flows, information flows, goods flows and human flows. The major reason is that the state-centered governance is weaker and fragile over there because the state is accustomed to administer certain population in a fixed territory. As for China, governance failures not only result from rapid globalization, but from institutional transition. Social securities are probably easier to be threatened in transitional countries than those in other countries. Therefore, the state-centered governance has to be strengthened during the transition period in order to keep social order. At the same time, it will be reformed according to the development of globalization. Market and civil society should be encouraged to grow stronger and become supplemental for the state. Then the established governance can become multiple-centered. Effective governance will sustain social securities.