《史通》《文史通义》有关《史记》评论之比较研究

comparison between Shi Tong and Wen Shi Tong Yi commenting on Shi Ji

刘知几注重从编纂学的角度指出<史记>在编纂过程中存在的问题,希图为后世的修史立一"法典",同时也提出了一些改造和完善纪传体史书的建议和主张.章学诚则主张学习司马迁圆通变化的旨意,反对班固及以后史官在修史过程中谨守绳墨、不知变通的做法.他力图突破纪传体的束缚,融合吸收其他史体之长处,创造出一种全新的史体.

Liu Zhiji put forward the problem in compiling shi ji from compiling to establish“ a code” for the later ages. And he also came up with some advice on reforming and perfecting the biographies in history. Zhang Xuecheng preferred the flexible approaches of Sima Qian to the inflexible pattern of Ban Gu and the later historiographers in compiling history. He attempted to break through the bounds of biography and take advantage of other patterns to create a new history.