政府传播机理初探

The Mechanism of Government Communication

政府传播是政府利用大众传播媒介进行的信息传播。政府传播既是一种传播行为 ,也是一种管理行为 ,传播行为是管理行为的延伸 ,是管理行为落到实处的必要步骤。这种传播的特点在于 :传播主体的权威性 ;传播主体对核心信息源的独占性 ;媒体与权威信息源“取与予”的关系格局 ;受众对其所传大部分信息的无选择接受性。政府传播是世界各国普遍存在的现象 ,非常时期尤其如此。我国“非典”时期的报道 ,美国两次海湾战争期间的报道 ,都是以政府为主体的传播。由于政府传播突破了 (大众传播 )效果的有限性 ,可以在一个地区、一个国家甚至整个世界形成普遍的注意 ,并形成相对统一的舆论、相对统一的意志、相对统一的行为 ,产生巨大的社会影响力 ,传播者适时、适当发言就是十分必要的。

The communication of government refers to the communication by mass media. It is not only a communication behavior but a management behavior. This kind of communication has many characteristics, such as the authority and monopoly of main body of the communication, the relationship between media and “give and take'. Besides, people have no choice to select information. The communication of government is a phenomenon of the world, especially in the special periods, such as the report on SARS and the Iraqi war. The communication of government helps to form the uniform opinion and generates huge social influences. Therefore, the communication of government is essential, and needs a lot of preparing work.